Skip to main content

Gut microbiota, kynurenine pathway and mental disorders

 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278584620304619


Highlights

•

Among several possible tryptophan metabolism routes, the kynurenine pathway can be influenced by the gut microbiota.

•

Changes in gut biodiversity may cause increased gut permeability and cause systemic and central nervous system inflammation.

•

Proinflammatory cytokines induce kynurenine pathway resulting in formation of metabolites linked with some mental disorders.

Abstract

The intestine and the gut-associated limphoid tissue constitute the largest immunity organ of the human body. Among several possible tryptophan metabolism routes, the kynurenine pathway can be influenced by the gut microbiota. Disturbances of gut biodiversity may cause increased gut permeability and cause systemic inflammation, also related to central nervous system. Proinflammatory cytokines induce kynurenine pathway enzymes resulting in formation of neuroactive metabolites, which are being associated with several psychiatric disorders. The kynurenine pathway may also be influenced by certain bacteria species directly. The aim of this review is to highlight the current knowledge on the interaction of gut microbiota and the central nervous system with the kynurenine pathway taken into special account. Up to date study results on specific psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorders, depression and alcoholism are presented. Available evidence suggests that toxicity of kynurenine metabolites may be reduced by adjunction of probiotics which can affect proinflammatory cytokines. Due to their potential for modulation of the kynurenine pathway, gut microbiota pose an interesting target for future therapies.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Paneth Cells - guardians of the intestinal tract

  Click for the AI slideshow: https://sl.bing.net/hBioK3sTdDw From Google Gemini: Paneth Cells: The Guardians of the Gut Paneth cells are specialized epithelial cells found at the base of the intestinal crypts (small invaginations in the intestinal lining). They play a crucial role in maintaining the gut's health by acting as a first line of defense against harmful microorganisms. Key Functions: Antimicrobial Defense: Paneth cells produce and secrete a variety of antimicrobial peptides and proteins, such as lysozyme, defensins, and phospholipase A2. These substances help to kill bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens that may invade the intestinal tract. Regeneration of Intestinal Epithelium: Paneth cells contribute to the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal lining by supporting the stem cells located nearby. Immune Regulation: These cells participate in regulating the immune response within the gut, helping to balance the body's reaction to both beneficial and ha...
Post a Comment
Read more

Hi Holly's Daughter

Here are some general notes of the education I had in the Gut Environment. Keep in mind that this is educational and not a directive to treatment or diagnosis.  As a side note, I spent an inordinate amount of time in this pursuit based on my own situation. I went to countless doctors and specialists to "resolve" my issues with little to no help. I personally have done these therapies countless times. I also hosted a forum on protozoa parasites and dives into antibiotic resistance.  I did many stool samples (microbiology) to detect what bug I had contracted and did many therapies including antibiotics, probiotics and the like. Here is what I know. The Gastrointestinal Tract: The GI system is rather a complex organism that has many features that Western Medicine is just acknowledging at this point. The GI tract houses 70% of the immune response and these immune responses can react to both pathogens that enter the gut but also systemic infections (example a viral infection). In ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Critters

 I am going off the abundance of research articles that are now coming forward from researchers concerning the gut.  1. There are many species of organisms that live in your gut. 2. Everyone has different compositions.  >New studies are showing a healthy microbiome translates to better metabolic numbers. They know that the healthy bacteria produce healthy byproducts that affect other systems (blood pressure, Metabolic X syndrome etc.) 3. The microbiome of the gut is formed by a multitude of factors such as age, sex, genetic predispositions, environmental chemicals and diet. 4. The concept of diet is largely outdated. What they should be focused on is feeding your healthy bacteria. 5. These organisms are many but likely could be grouped into segments. In other words, bacteria are not necessarily alike.  6. Bacteria like foods and by foods, I mean the chemicals that are found in the foods. 7. Polysaccharides are a meal for many bacteria and there are lots of polysac...
Post a Comment
Read more