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Paneth Cells - guardians of the intestinal tract

 

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From Google Gemini:

Paneth Cells: The Guardians of the Gut

Paneth cells are specialized epithelial cells found at the base of the intestinal crypts (small invaginations in the intestinal lining). They play a crucial role in maintaining the gut's health by acting as a first line of defense against harmful microorganisms.

Key Functions:

  • Antimicrobial Defense: Paneth cells produce and secrete a variety of antimicrobial peptides and proteins,
     such as lysozyme, defensins, and phospholipase A2. These substances help to kill bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens that may invade the intestinal tract.
  • Regeneration of Intestinal Epithelium: Paneth cells contribute to the maintenance and regeneration of the intestinal lining by supporting the stem cells located nearby.
  • Immune Regulation: These cells participate in regulating the immune response within the gut, helping to balance the body's reaction to both beneficial and harmful bacteria.

Structure and Location:

Paneth cells are characterized by their prominent eosinophilic granules, which contain the antimicrobial substances they produce. They are typically located at the bottom of the intestinal crypts, where they are in close proximity to intestinal stem cells.

Image of Paneth cells in the intestinal crypt Opens in a new window www.frontiersin.org

Role in Gut Health:

The proper functioning of Paneth cells is essential for maintaining a healthy gut environment. Dysregulation of these cells has been implicated in various gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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